Chancellor Jeremy Hunt has extended the Household Support Fund, cut property taxes and announced new devolution deals in his Spring Budget, but has been widely criticised in the social housing sector for failing to mention affordable housing.
Sector commentators, including Gavin Smart, chief executive of the Chartered Institute of Housing, described the package of measures as a “disappointing budget” from a housing perspective.
“Given the significant housing crisis that we’re currently navigating, there was no mention of the urgent action needed to address this,” Mr Smart said.
The chancellor delivered his Spring Budget on Wednesday (6 March), which included some support for vulnerable households, however, nothing was mentioned on affordable housing by Mr Hunt himself or within Budget documents.
In his address to parliament, Mr Hunt said that the government would provide an additional £500m to enable the extension of the Household Support Fund (HSF) in England from April to September 2024. The government scheme, which was launched in October 2021 and awards one-off payments via councils to help households pay for rising living costs, had been due to end on 31 March, but will now be extended by six months.
Mr Hunt also announced that the government would increase the repayment period on budgeting advance loans taken out by claimants on Universal Credit from 12 months to 24 months. These are loans made available to help with larger expenditures such as emergency household costs, which are then paid back through deductions from subsequent Universal Credit payments. The new repayment period will apply to new Budgeting Advances taken out from December 2024.
The chancellor also said that he would abolish the £90 administration fee for Debt Relief Orders, which it said would mean that households struggling with problem debts can get the help they need.
The government is also reforming the High Income Child Benefit Charge to move to a system based on household rather than individual incomes by April 2026, and said that it will consult in “due course”.
The current system bases thresholds on the earnings of the highest-paid individual in a household, meaning two parents each earning £49,000 a year would receive Child Benefit in full, while a household earning less overall but with one parent earning over £50,000 would see some or all of the benefit withdrawn.
Mr Hunt said that reform to the tax system to enable HMRC to collect household-level income would be required, but that in the meantime from April this year the threshold will be raised for individuals from £50,000 to £60,000. The government said that this would take 170,000 families out of paying this tax.
Meanwhile, the rate of the charge will be halved so that Child Benefit is not repaid in full until an individual earns £80,000. The government estimates that almost half a million families would gain an average of £1,260 in 2024-25 as a result.
In widely trailed cuts to personal taxes, the chancellor also confirmed that National Insurance will be cut by 2p, from 10 per cent to eight per cent for employees, and from eight per cent to six per cent for the self-employed.
Analysis shared by thinktank the Resolution Foundation on the income tax and employee National Insurance announcements suggested that ‘middle earners’ – people paid around £26,000-£60,000, who represent around half of all employees – would be better off overall, while lower and higher earners would be worse off. It suggested that an employee earning £16,000 would be the worst off proportionally.
The government said it is making the property tax system “fairer and more efficient”. Among a number of changes to Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) rules, the Budget documents state that legislation will be updated to ensure that from 6 March 2024, registered providers of social housing in England and Northern Ireland are not liable for stamp duty when purchasing property with a public subsidy. Public bodies will also be exempt from the 15 per cent anti-avoidance rate of stamp duty.
Adam Cutler, head of social housing tax at Crowe, explained to Social Housing what the changes mean in practice.
“RPs [registered providers] are normally able to claim the ‘RSL relief’ exemption from SDLT when acquiring land, as long as some grant or other public subsidy is applied to the purchase.
However, some out-of-date references in tax legislation have meant that RPs have been unable to claim RSL relief in certain circumstances, and can find themselves paying the punitive 15 per cent SDLT rate for property held in a corporate structure.
“The changes announced in the Budget will update the legislation to remove these issues and also make it clear that recycled grant can be applied to qualify for the relief.
“It will also ensure that the 15 per cent SDLT rate should no longer apply to purchases by a public body.”
Mr Cutler added: “This is a welcome update to tax legislation, which should ensure that RPs are able to claim the reliefs they are entitled to.”
The government will also abolish Multiple Dwellings Relief, a bulk purchase relief in the stamp duty land tax regime, from 1 June.
In addition, from 6 March, the rules for claiming First-Time Buyers’ Relief from stamp duty in England and Northern Ireland will be extended to apply to individuals buying a leasehold residential property through a nominee or bare trustee, for example victims of domestic abuse who need to preserve their anonymity.
The government will reduce the higher rate of Capital Gains Tax (CGT) for residential property disposals from 28 to 24 per cent (while maintaining the existing reliefs on private residences). The lower rate will remain at 18 per cent for any gains that fall within an individual’s basic rate band. The change is intended to encourage landlords and second homeowners to sell their properties.
Separately, a decision to abolish the ‘Furnished Holiday Lettings’ tax regime is intended to remove the current incentive for landlords to offer short-term holiday lets rather than longer-term homes. It said this would level the playing field between short-term and long-term lets and support people to live in their local area. This will take effect from April 2025 and draft legislation will be published in “due course”, according to the Budget document.
Alongside referring to a number of recently announced devolution deals, the chancellor announced what he called a new “trailblazer” Level 4 devolution deal with the North East Mayoral Combined Authority. This would provide a package of new funding potentially worth over £100m.
He also extended devolution powers through new Level 2 devolution agreements with Buckinghamshire Council, Surrey County Council and Warwickshire County Council.
The chancellor also announced £242m for housing projects in London, including £124m of investment to unlock up to 7,200 homes at Barking Riverside. At Canary Wharf, investment of £118m would support the delivery of a life sciences hub, healthcare facilities and commercial space, alongside up to 750 homes.
Finally, the government announced an intention to invest £20m into a “social finance fund” to build development capacity and support the delivery of up to 3,000 homes through community-led housing schemes over 10 years. However, it said this would be “subject to a business case”.
The government is also launching round 2 of its previously announced Local Nutrient Mitigation Fund, which it said would support the delivery of 30,000 homes by 2030 that would otherwise be stalled due to high levels of nutrient pollution.
Furthermore, to boost capacity in the planning system, the government will commit £3m to match industry-led funding for a skills and education programme to attract more people to take up roles as local planners in planning authorities. Previously, at the Autumn statement government committed £5m of additional funding into DLUHC’s Planning Skills Delivery Fund for Local Planning Authorities to target application backlogs.
The chancellor confirmed the £500m of new funding for councils to support the provision of adult and children’s social care, which was first announced in January.
The government also said that it would increase the cap on the percentage of the cost of a replacement home that can be funded from Right to Buy receipts, from 40 to 50 per cent.
Meanwhile, local authorities have been asked to produce plans by July 2024 setting out how they will improve service performance, utilise data and technology, and reduce “wasteful spend”.
The Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities will also set up a “productivity panel” to support “the long-term sustainability of the sector”. This will discuss the key themes emerging from the plans and offer advice to both councils and government that will be considered going forward.
Sector responses
Initial sector responses to the chancellor’s package of measures have been critical.
The CIH’s Mr Smart said that while some measures were welcome, the Budget had been “disappointing” from a housing perspective.
“There were some welcome announcements to help support people in debt, such as the temporary extension of the Household Support Fund, which we had called for, and the abolition of the Debt Relief Order charge, but they won’t bring down rising housing costs,” he said.
“In our pre-Budget submission, we called for urgent action to boost social housing supply, invest in homelessness prevention and decarbonise the residential sector. These calls remain and we’ll continue to push the government to go further. We need a sustainable housing system to support a vibrant economy.”
Phil Andrew, group chief executive at 47,000-home Orbit, said the housing association was disappointed that a focus on long-term affordable housing was “noticeably absent”.
“While we welcome the extension of the Household Support Fund for a further six months while the cost of living crisis continues, we were disappointed to see that a strong focus on long-term affordable housing was noticeably absent from the chancellor’s Spring Budget, with measures not going far enough to help unlock the much-needed delivery of new affordable homes required to tackle the housing crisis,” he said.
“We have been calling on government for a laser focus on delivering new homes to achieve better economic outcomes, safer communities and a healthier nation since the publication of our manifesto ‘Good Housing is the Key’, a call which has been echoed by many.
“Only last week, the National Housing Federation and Shelter became the latest to bring to the forefront the huge economic and social benefits that building new affordable homes throughout the UK offers. With an election now looming, we urge all political parties to give housing the attention it deserves.”
Mark Perry, chief executive at 35,000-home Vivid, also criticised the Budget for failing to mention affordable homes.
“Despite announcements around support for several specific development projects, the need for significant investment to drive the delivery of housing of all types and tenures, especially affordable homes, failed to be addressed in today’s Budget,” he said.
“Without investment across the board, from planning authorities to grant rates, and without support for a long-term housing plan here in the UK, the existing crisis will only be exacerbated to the country’s further detriment.
“Given that future investment in UK housing stands to generate long-term economic and social benefit, as well as Treasury savings, it was disappointing this wasn’t recognised in today’s Budget.”
Geeta Nanda, chief executive of Metropolitan Thames Valley Housing, welcomed parts of the Budget, but also criticised the lack of help announced for “millions of people for whom a safe, secure and affordable home remains out of reach”.
She said: “Many of our residents will welcome the extension of the Household Support Fund and of the Universal Credit debit repayments. These will help ease pressures on vulnerable people and families who are continuing to live with the cost of living crisis.
“It was also good to see some significant investment in Barking and Dagenham, Canary Wharf and Leeds. However, the Budget did little to expand supply more broadly for millions of people for whom a safe, secure and affordable home remains out of reach. With the government’s own figures showing over 142,000 children in temporary accommodation, depriving them of the stability and security they need as they begin their lives, the housing crisis is now an emergency.”
Lee Bloomfield, chief executive of Bradford-based Manningham Housing Association, said that it was “disappointing” that the chancellor did not mention building new affordable homes. He also said that housing association tenants were “far from the chancellor’s thoughts”.
“It is disappointing but not surprising that a commitment to build many more urgently needed affordable homes was absent from the chancellor’s remarks,” Mr Bloomfield said.
“Alongside the six-month extension to the Household Support Fund, the well-trailed cut to National Insurance was welcome, but it seems that will be paid for by phantom efficiency savings which, if they do not materialise, raise the prospect of further deep cuts to public services which are already in crisis.
“Those on middle and higher incomes will benefit most from the key Budget measures, particularly with the personal tax thresholds freeze remaining in place.
“Housing association tenants were far from the chancellor’s thoughts.”
Rick Henderson, chief executive of Homeless Link, the national membership organisation for frontline homelessness charities, criticised the chancellor for making a “dangerous decision to ignore the real experts”, the group’s members, and their repeated calls to safeguard invaluable homelessness services in the Budget.
“This is astounding, coming only days after the annual rough sleeping and latest temporary accommodation statistics issued the starkest of warnings on the severity of this country’s homelessness emergency,” he said.
Elizabeth Froude, chief executive of Midlands-based Platform Housing Group, welcomed some measures announced on Wednesday, including the extension of the Household Support Fund, but added that the “extension of only six months may need to be revisited, given the current crisis we are seeing”.
However, Ms Froude expressed the group’s disappointment at the lack of funding support for investments into new and existing social homes.
“[We] are disappointed on the lack of support for energy improvement in existing homes and the silence on a commitment to more social rented homes, neither of which can happen on a scale and pace needed without government support.”
Social Housing’s weekly news bulletin delivers the latest news and insight across finance and funding, regulation and governance, policy and strategy, straight to your inbox. Meanwhile, news alerts bring you the biggest stories as they land.
Already have an account? Click here to manage your newsletters.
RELATED